Monday, January 30, 2017

Comparison of recent changes in the US and Russian Army related to officer personnel



Bektas Baktybayev


Russia and the USA have the strongest armies in the world. That’s why it would be interesting to compare the military power of these two states. The aim of this blog is to analyze the recent changes in the US and Russian armies related to the officer personnel, which is responsible for army management.
            According to Kapp, who is a specialist in the military manpower policy, the number of the most senior military officers (often called GFOs) and other officers in the USA decreased compared to the period of the heat of the Cold War. Surprisingly, the proportion of officers to the total force is increasing despite the decrease in the number of officers. Kapp came to that conclusion based on the statistics of the Defense Manpower Data Center. Kapp claims that the share of the GFOs and officers increased by approximately 40 % during the period 1965-2015. Kapp explains this constant tendency with the following four reasons.
 First of all, the enactment of the Goldwater-Nichols Act (GNA) requires the creation of more joint GFOs positions. Officers are motivated to serve high ranking positions due to the new institutional arrangements.
            The second reason comes from the security issues. The US military often organizes coalition operations with their allies in order to enhance their military capabilities. The experience and authority of the GFOs are necessary to carry out complex contingency and coalition operations. The third factor leading to the increase in the officers’ proportion to the total force was a significant decrease of the Armed forces. During the same period of time (1965-2015) the total force in the US army was decreased twice from 2,655,389 to 1,313,940. Finally, the advanced technology development replaced the manpower which resulted in the decreased need for human resources.
            In contrast, the number of officers in Russia has been increasing in recent years. It was due to the failed attempt of the ex-minister of defense Anatoliy Serdyukov to reorganize military affairs. During his period of rule, the number of officers significantly decreased from 335 000 to 150 000. The main reasons for this significant reduction were the optimization and restructuring of the armed forces of Russia. However, Russia faced serious problem of an acute shortage of staff due to the unsatisfactory results of Serdyukov’s reform. The thousands of experienced and skillful officers were expelled from the army and were forced to hold the position of reserve officers or vacant positions of sergeants.
            At this moment Russian army under the direction of new minister of defense Sergey Shoygu needs seriously trained commanders in order to organize strong professional army. It will take several years to restore the former condition of the Russian army. The reason for this is that the necessity for 5-6 years to train enough amount of officers, who are professionals of military affairs and are able to use modern equipment. Currently, the 24 % of armed forces in Russia are holding officers’ positions which is higher compared to US army, where this number is 17,5 %. Many officers-sergeants in Russia reassigned to officers’ position because of shortage of officers resulted from the previous reform. However, there is a still need for 50 000 soldiers and contract sergeants in Russia.





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